Umshini wokuvala amafilimu okuzenzakalelayo osebenza ngezindlela eziningi uthandwa kakhulu ngamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi okucubungula ukudla ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuvala, ukusebenza okuzinzile, kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuvala. Usetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zokupakisha ezithambile. Uma kunezinkinga ngamandla okuvala emaphethelweni, maphakathi, noma phansi ngesikhathi kwenziwa izikhwama zefilimu yepulasitiki, lo mshini ungasetshenziswa ukuvala kabusha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zekhwalithi yokuvala ukushisa.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza noma ezigcwele ngokweqile, umshini uthambekele ekuhlulekeni okuthile kukagesi nokwemishini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: ukuvala okungekuhle, ukusebenza okungenasikhathi komshini, ukuqhuma kwefusi ekuqaleni, imisindo "yokukhala" ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinga lokushisa elingalawuleki, ukuguquguquka nokugoba kwezikhwama eziqediwe endaweni yokuvala, kanye nokubonakala kwamabhamuza noma amamaki angajwayelekile ekubonisweni kwe-blade yokuvala. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo, lesi sihloko sihlaziya izimbangela zamaphutha amaningana avamile, siphakamise izixazululo ezifanele, futhi sixoxe ngokugcinwa komshini wokuvala, sinethemba lokuba usizo kumabhizinisi nakubantu abasebenzisa umshini.
1. Ukuvalwa Okubi
Ukuvala okungekuhle kungenye yamaphutha avamile omshini wokuvala. Kunezincazelo ezintathu zokuvala okungekuhle:
- Isikhwama sokupakisha asikwazi ukuvalwa endaweni yokuvala.
- Nakuba umlomo wesikhwama uvalwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yensingo yokuvala, uzoqhekeka futhi ngokucindezelwa okuncane noma ukuhlubuka.
- Uma kwenziwa isivivinyo sokuhlubuka endaweni yokuvala, ingxenye yesikhwama ivalwa ngokuqinile kanti enye ingxenye ihlukanisiwe. Ikhwalithi yokuvala yesikhwama sokupakisha esinjalo ayikacaciswa ngoba okuqukethwe kungavuza kalula ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthuthwa lapho kucindezelwa. Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka lapho izinto zokuvala ezihlanganisiwe ziyi-OPP noma zivuvukile.
Izimbangela zohlobo lokuqala lwephutha ikakhulukazi yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Izinga lokushisa elinganele lokuvala ukushisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ezikhwameni ezihlanganisiwe ezine-OPP njengezinto zokuvala ulwelwesi kanye nobukhulu obuphelele obungu-80-90μm, izinga lokushisa lokuvala ukushisa kufanele lifinyelele ku-170-180℃. Ezikhwameni ezihlanganisiwe ezine-PE njengezinto zokuvala ulwelwesi kanye nobukhulu obuphelele obungu-85-100μm, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ku-180-200℃. Uma nje ubukhulu obuphelele besikhwama bukhula, izinga lokushisa lokuvala ukushisa kumele likhuliswe ngokufanayo.
- Isivinini sokuvala ukushisa esisheshayo kakhulu. Ukungakwazi ukuvala isikhwama kuhlobene nesivinini somshini wokuvala. Uma isivinini sishesha kakhulu, indawo yokuvala ngeke ibe nesikhathi esanele sokushisa ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe kumshini wokupholisa nge-traction roller ukuze iphole, futhi ngokwemvelo, ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yokuvala ukushisa.
- Ingcindezi engafanele yesondo lerabha le-cooling press. Kukhona isondo elilodwa lerabha le-cooling press ezinhlangothini eziphezulu nezingezansi, futhi ingcindezi phakathi kwawo kufanele ibe phakathi. Uma ulungisa ingcindezi, qinisa nje isipilingi.
- Izinkinga zekhwalithi ngefilimu yokuvala ukushisa. Ukungakwazi ukuvala isikhwama kuhlobene nekhwalithi yefilimu yokuvala ukushisa. Uma ukwelashwa kwe-corona kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe zokuvala kungalingani futhi kungasebenzi, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi kusendaweni yokuvala, ngeke kukwazi ukuvala isikhwama. Lesi simo asivamile, kodwa uma senzeke, umkhiqizo uzolahlwa. Ngakho-ke, embonini yokupakisha imibala, inqubo engezansi iqondisa inqubo engenhla. Uma izinkinga zekhwalithi sezitholiwe, izimbangela kumele zihlaziywe futhi zixazululwe ngesikhathi. Uma kukhona umswakama noma ukungcola endaweni yokuvala, kuzophinde kubangele ukuvala okubi. Ngamafuphi, ukuze kuxazululwe uhlobo lokuqala lwenkinga yokuvala okubi, izinga lokushisa lokuvala ukushisa ngokuvamile lingakhushulwa ngokufanele, ijubane lokuvala ukushisa lingancishiswa, futhi ingcindezi yesondo lerabha lokucindezela ukupholisa ingakhushulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izimbangela zohlobo lwesibili lwephutha lokuvala elibi kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Izinga lokushisa elinganele lokuvala ukushisa. Inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa lokuvala ukushisa ngendlela efanele.
- Ubuso bensingo yokuvala ukushisa abuyisicaba. Insingo yokuvala ukushisa ihlukaniswe izingcezu ezingaphezulu nezingezansi, futhi kuvame ukufakwa i-thermocouple kuyo ukuze kuzwakale ukudluliselwa kwezinga lokushisa. Kunezikulufo ezintathu ensingo yokuvala ukushisa, isikulufo esiphakathi sisekela futhi siqinise insingo, kanti ezinye izikulufo ezimbili zifakwe iziphethu zokucindezela kanye nama-washer, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa ingcindezi yensingo yokuvala ukushisa. Izinhlafo ezingaphezulu nezingezansi ngayinye ineziphethu ezimbili. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokungalingani kobuso bensingo yokuvala ukushisa ukuthi isikulufo esiphakathi asifakwanga ngokuvundlile noma ingcindezi yensingo yokucindezela yensingo yokuvala ukushisa ephezulu ayilingani.
- Isixazululo ukulungisa kabusha indawo yesikulufu esiphakathi ukuze siyenze iqonde. Uma ama-blade okuvala ukushisa aphezulu nangaphansi engalingani, kungafezwa ngokulungisa i-pressure spring ibe sezingeni eliphakathi. Lapho i-spring isunduzelwa ngaphandle, i-heat-sealing blade izowela phansi. Lapho i-spring ye-blade engezansi iqiniswe phezulu, i-heat-sealing blade izohamba iye phezulu.
- Ukucindezela okungalingani kwesondo lerabha lokucindezela kokupholisa. Ukucindezela okungalingani kwesondo lerabha lokucindezela kokupholisa nakho kuzobangela lolu hlobo lwephutha elibi lokuvala, futhi ikhambi lifana nesimo sokuqala.
Izimbangela zohlobo lwesithathu lwephutha lokuvala elibi kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ingcindezi engalingani yensingo yokuvala ukushisa noma yensingo yokupholisa. Ukulungiswa kwensingo yokuvala ukushisa kanye nensingo yokupholisa kufana ncamashi.
- Ubuso bensingo yokuvala ukushisa abuyisicaba. Bheka ikhambi elifanele lohlobo lwesibili lwephutha lokuvala elibi.
2. Ukufutha i-Fuse
Injini eyinhloko yomshini wokuvala ifilimu yepulasitiki yimoto yokuqala ye-AC yasekhaya enebhokisi lamagiya elihlanganisiwe le-aluminium elihlanzekile, eliqhuba kakhulu i-gearbox kanye nokudluliselwa kwamagiya kwengxenye ngayinye. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho umshini wokuvala uqalwa, uzokwenza umsindo "wokukhala", awukwazi ukusebenza kahle, futhi ngisho ne-fuse entanjeni ebukhoma izovunguza.
Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, qala uhlole ukuthi ugesi ujwayelekile yini, bese unquma ugesi, sebenzisa ububanzi bokumelana ukukala ukuthi iswishi yonakele, bese uhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi isekethe kanye nemoto kunqanyuliwe yini. Ngokuvamile, lapho imoto inqanyuliwe, ukugoqa kuyasha noma ucingo luphukile, ifusi izovunguza ngokushesha nje lapho umshini wokuvala uqalwa. Esinye isizathu salokhu iphutha ukuthi ukuchazwa kwefusi kuncane kakhulu. Ukwandisa ukuchazwa kwayo kungaxazulula inkinga.
3. Umsindo “Okhalayo” Ngesikhathi Sokusebenza
Leli phutha lenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini wokuvala. Umsindo "wokukhala" uvame ukwenzeka ngokuzumayo, kulandelwe isivinini sokuvala esingalingani, okubangela amaphethini amabi ekubonakaleni kokuvala kwesikhwama sokupakisha, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokubukeka komkhiqizo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungasebenza ngokujwayelekile, kodwa akubikezeleki.
Lesi simo sibangelwa kakhulu umonakalo womshini noma ukuguguleka okukhulu, kanye nokugcotshwa okungekuhle. Isixazululo ukuxuba uhlobo olufanayo lwamafutha enjini kanye namafutha okugcoba bese uwafaka ebhokisini legiya, bese uqinisa izikulufo ukuze uwubuyisele esimweni sawo. Ngemva kokuqalisa umshini, umsindo "wokukhala" uyanyamalala bese ukuvala kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu likhululekile, ligugile kakhulu, futhi lingahlanzekile linokungcola ebusweni, futhi lingavumelani nesondo lokudonsa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lizokwenza nomsindo "wokukhala". Isixazululo ukufaka ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu ngencazelo efanayo. Kukhona ikhono elithile lokushintsha ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu. Okokuqala, cindezela isiphethu sesondo lokucindezela ngesandla, bese ubeka umkhawulo owodwa webhande lokushisa eliphezulu esondweni lerabha, bese ubamba omunye umkhawulo ngokumelene nelinye isondo lerabha ngesandla. Setha isilawuli sejubane kwisivinini esiphansi. Uma sesiqalile, sithembele ekunyakazeni, ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu lizofakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi umsindo "wokukhala" ukhishwa yimoto ye-DC shunt. Kungase kube ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamafutha kuma-motor bearings. Uma kunjalo, imoto kufanele ihlukaniswe futhi igcotshwe ngamafutha, bese umsindo uzonyamalala.
4. Ukulahlekelwa Ukulawulwa Kokushisa Kokuvala
Leli phutha libonakala ngokungasebenzi kahle kwesilinganiso sokushisa, ukungakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa elingazinzile lokuvala ukushisa, kanye nendawo yokuvala ishisiwe noma ivalwe kabi, ngokuvala okukhubazekile nokungakhangi. Imbangela eyinhloko yaleli phutha ukuthi i-thermometer iphukile futhi kumele ilungiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thermocouple nayo ingase iphukile futhi ayikwazi ukudlulisela izinga lokushisa elizwakalayo ku-thermometer. Ukuyifaka esikhundleni sohlobo olufanayo kanye nencazelo ye-thermocouple kungaxazulula inkinga.
Kusukela esicini somshini, isizathu siwukuthi ingcindezi yokuvala ukushisa ayilingani. Uma nje intwasahlobo yokucindezela yensingo yokuvala ukushisa ilungiswa ukuze ingcindezi ihambisane, inkinga ingaxazululwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuso bokuthinta bensingo yokuvala ukushisa kufanele bugcinwe buhlanzekile futhi bungenakungcola.
Esinye isizathu ukuthi ikhwalithi yokuvala ukushisa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ngokwayo ayilungile, futhi i-coefficient yokuvala ukushisa iyashintsha, okwenza izinga lokushisa elingamelana nalo lingaguquguquki.
5. Ukusebenza Komshini Wokuvala Ngezikhathi Ezithile
Sihlangabezane nephutha lokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nesivinini esingaguquki somshini wokuvala ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngemva kokuhlakaza iphaneli engemuva komshini wokuvala, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi komshini wemoto kanye nebhokisi legiya kwase kukhululekile futhi kwahlukanisiwe. Ukuqinisa izikulufo futhi ukuze zilingane kahle kwaxazulula inkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini eyinhloko isebenza ngokuxhumana namabhulashi ekhabhoni. Uma amabhulashi ekhabhoni egugile kakhulu, ungathintani ngokugcwele namasongo okushelela, noma ungabi nokungqubuzana okuhle, umshini wokuvala uzosebenza ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukufaka amabhulashi ekhabhoni ngohlobo olufanayo lwawo olusha kuzoxazulula inkinga.
6. Amabhamuza kanye namamaki angajwayelekile endaweni yokuvala
Leli phutha livame kakhulu. Nakuba lingadali ukuvuza kwephakheji, lithinta ubuhle bephakheji futhi lonakalise isithombe somkhiqizo.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zaleli phutha yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemishini, uthuli kanye nezingcezu zepulasitiki kanye nokunye ukungcola kunamathela ebhandeni lokushisa eliphezulu, okwenza ibhande lingalingani futhi lingajwayelekile. Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni okungalingani endaweni yokuvala. Ngemva kokucindezela ngesondo lokucindezela elipholile, kuvela amabhamuza. Ukuhlanza noma ukufaka esikhundleni ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu kungasusa iphutha. Ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu ngokuvamile liyi-1.5 cm ububanzi futhi liyi-22μm ubukhulu. Uma kungenakwenzeka ngempela ukuhlanza ukungcola, kufanele kususwe.
- Kunezimpawu ezigobile neziqondile ezihlelwe ngendlela engajwayelekile esondweni lerabha lomshini wokupholisa, ezibonakala ngqo ephaketheni, okuholela ezimpawini eziningi ezisobala endaweni yokuvala. Ukuqinisekisa ukubukeka okuhle kwesikhwama sokupakisha, kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni sesondo lerabha lomshini wokupholisa.
7. Izindaba Okumele Zinakekelwe Ekunakekelweni Kwemishini
- Umshini wokuvala kufanele ubekwe endaweni enomoya futhi eyomile, izinga lokushisa legumbi ligcinwe cishe ku-25℃.
- Ngemva kwamahora angu-48 okusebenza komshini wokuvala, uwoyela wenjini ongu-6# kufanele ufakwe engxenyeni ngayinye ehambayo, ikakhulukazi kumagiya, amabheringi, kanye nebhokisi legiya.
- Ukususwa kothuli njalo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kugcinwe wonke umshini uhlanzekile. Uma ungasetshenziswa, kungcono ukukhipha ugesi bese uwumboza ngesembozo.
- Uma isikhathi sokusebenza side kakhulu, ifeni yokupholisa kufanele ivulwe ngaphambi kokuvala umshini. Linda kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphambi kokuvala umshini. Ngoba uma uvala umshini ngaphandle kokupholisa, ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu kulula kakhulu ukulilimaza.
- Ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu kufanele lihlanzwe njalo ukungcola ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuvala.
- Izingxenye ezigugile kakhulu kufanele zishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokuphila komshini wonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-26-2025