Umshini wokuvala uphawu wefilimu othomathikhi onemisebenzi eminingi uthandwa ngamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuvala, ukusebenza okuzinzile, nomphumela omuhle wokuvala. Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izikhwama ezithambile zokupakisha. Uma kunezinkinga ngamandla okuvala amaphethelo, okuphakathi, noma phansi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwezikhwama zefilimu zepulasitiki, lo mshini ungasetshenziselwa ukuvala kabusha ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi yokuvala ukushisa.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza noma ezigcwele kakhulu, umshini uthambekele ekuhlulekeni okuthile kukagesi kanye nemishini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: ukufakwa uphawu okungalungile, ukusebenza kwesikhashana komshini, ukuvuthela kwe-fuse ekuqaleni, "ukugubha" imisindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinga lokushisa elingalawuleki, ukuguqulwa nokugoba kwezikhwama eziqediwe endaweni yokubeka uphawu, nokubonakala kwama-bubbles noma amamaki angavamile ekukhanyeni kwe-blade yokuvala. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okungokoqobo kokusetshenziswa, le ndatshana ihlaziya izimbangela zamaphutha amaningana avamile, iphakamisa izixazululo ezihambisanayo, futhi idingida ukugcinwa komshini wokutywina, ngethemba lokuba usizo kumabhizinisi nakubantu abasebenzisa umshini.
1. Ukuvalwa Okubi
Ukuvalwa kahle kungenye yamaphutha avamile omshini wokuvala. Kunezincazelo ezintathu zokuvalwa kahle uphawu:
- Isikhwama sokupakisha asikwazi ukuvaleka endaweni yokuvala.
- Nakuba umlomo wesikhwama uvalwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yeblade yokuvala, izophinda ihlukane ngokukhama noma ukucwecwa okuncane.
- Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kokucwecwa endaweni yokuvala, ingxenye yesikhwama ivalwa ngokuqinile kuyilapho enye ihlukaniswa. Ikhwalithi yokuvala yesikhwama esinjalo sokupakisha ayikafaneleki ngoba okuqukethwe kungavuza kalula ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kanye nokuhamba lapho kucindezelwa. Lesi simo sivamise ukwenzeka lapho ulayini oluyinhlanganisela kuyi-OPP noma i-PE ephephethiwe.
Izimbangela zohlobo lokuqala lwephutha ikakhulukazi zimi kanje:
- Ukushisa okunganele kokuvalwa kokushisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ezikhwameni eziyinhlanganisela ezine-OPP njengempahla yolayini kanye nogqinsi oluphelele lwama-80-90μm, izinga lokushisa lokuvalwa kokushisa kufanele lifinyelele ku-170-180℃. Ezikhwameni eziyinhlanganisela ezine-PE njengento yolwelwesi kanye nogqinsi oluphelele luka-85-100μm, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ku-180-200℃. Uma nje ukushuba okuphelele kwesikhwama kukhula, izinga lokushisa lokuvalwa kokushisa kufanele lenyuke ngokulinganayo.
- Isivinini esisheshayo sokuvalwa kokushisa. Ukungakwazi ukuvala isikhwama kuhlobene nesivinini somshini wokuvala. Uma isivinini sishesha kakhulu, indawo yokuvala ngeke ibe nesikhathi esanele sokushisisa ngaphambi kokuthi idluliselwe emshinini wokupholisa ngerola yokudonsa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okupholisa, futhi ngokwemvelo, ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yokuvala ukushisa.
- Ukucindezela okungalungile kwesondo lerabha yokupholisa. Kunesondo elilodwa lenjoloba yokupholisa ezinhlangothini ezingenhla neziphansi, futhi ukucindezela phakathi kwazo kufanele kube okuphakathi. Lapho ulungisa ukucindezela, vele uqinise intwasahlobo.
- Izinkinga zekhwalithi ngefilimu yokuvala ukushisa. Ukungakwazi ukuvala isikhwama kuhlobene nekhwalithi yefilimu yokushisa ukushisa. Uma ukwelashwa kwe-corona yezinto ezihlanganisiwe zolwelwesi kungalingani futhi kungasebenzi, futhi kwenzeka kusendaweni yokuvala, ngeke nakanjani ikwazi ukuvala isikhwama. Lesi simo asivamile, kodwa uma sesenzekile, umkhiqizo uzolahlwa. Ngakho-ke, embonini yokupakisha yokuphrinta imibala, inqubo engezansi iqondisa inqubo ekhuphukayo. Uma izinkinga zekhwalithi sezitholakele, izimbangela kufanele zihlaziywe futhi zixazululwe ngesikhathi. Uma kunomswakama noma ukungcola endaweni yokuvala, kuzophinde kubangele ukuvaleka kahle. Ngamafuphi, ukuxazulula uhlobo lokuqala lwenkinga yokuvala uphawu olungeluhle, izinga lokushisa lokuvalwa kokushisa lingakhushulwa ngokufanelekile, isivinini sokuvalwa kokushisa singancishiswa, futhi ukucindezela kwesondo lenjoloba lokupholisa kungandiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izimbangela zohlobo lwesibili lwephutha elibi lokuvala uphawu ikakhulukazi zimi kanje:
- Ukushisa okunganele kokuvalwa kokushisa. Inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokukhuphula ngokufanelekile izinga lokushisa lokuvala ukushisa.
- Ingaphezulu le-blade yokuvala ukushisa ayisicaba. I-blade yokuvala ukushisa ihlukaniswe izingcezu ezingenhla nezingaphansi, futhi i-thermocouple ivamise ukufakwa kuyo ukuzwa ukudluliswa kwezinga lokushisa. Kunezikulufu ezintathu zeblade yokuvala ukushisa, isikulufu esiphakathi sisekela futhi siqinise i-blade, kanti ezinye izikulufu ezimbili zifakwe imithombo yokucindezela namawasha, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa ingcindezi yeblade yokuvala ukushisa. Izindwani ezingenhla nezingezansi zineziphethu ezimbili. Isizathu esiyinhloko sobuso obungalingani be-blade yokuvala ukushisa ukuthi isikulufu esiphakathi asifakiwe ngokuvundlile noma ingcindezi yomthombo wokucindezela we-blade ephezulu yokuvala ukushisa ayilingani.
- Isixazululo ukulungisa kabusha ukuma kwesikulufu esiphakathi ukuze sisenze sivundlile. Uma ama-blades okufaka uphawu okushisa aphezulu naphansi angalingani, angafinyelelwa ngokulungisa isiphethu sokucindezela sibe sezingeni elilinganiselwe. Lapho intwasahlobo iphushelwa ngaphandle, i-heat-sealing blade izowela phansi. Lapho intwasahlobo ye-blade engezansi iqiniswa phezulu, i-heat-sealing blade izohambela phezulu.
- Ukucindezela okungalingani kwesondo lerabha yokupholisa. Ukucindezela okungalingani kwesondo lenjoloba yokupholisa kuzophinde kubangele lolu hlobo lwephutha elibi lokuvala uphawu, futhi isisombululo sifana nesimo sokuqala.
Izimbangela zohlobo lwesithathu lwephutha elibi lokuvala uphawu ikakhulukazi zimi kanje:
- Ingcindezi engalingani yensimbi yokuvala ukushisa noma insimbi yokupholisa. Ukulungiswa kwensingo yokuvala ukushisa kanye nensimbi yokupholisa kufana ncamashi.
- Ingaphezulu le-blade yokuvala ukushisa ayisicaba. Bheka isixazululo esihambelanayo sohlobo lwesibili lwephutha elibi lokuvala uphawu.
2. Fuse Blowing
Injini eyinhloko yomshini wokuvala ifilimu wepulasitiki iyinjini yokuqala ye-AC yasekhaya enebhokisi legiya le-aluminium elibalulekile le-worm, elishayela kakhulu ibhokisi legiya kanye nokuhanjiswa kwegiya kwengxenye ngayinye. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho umshini wokuvala uqalwa, uzokwenza umsindo “ohlabayo”, awukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile, ngisho nefuse ocingweni oluphilayo izovunguza.
Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, qala uhlole ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kujwayelekile yini, bese unqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla, sebenzisa ububanzi bokumelana ukuze ulinganise ukuthi iswishi yonakele yini, futhi uhlole ngokucophelela ukuthi isekethe kanye nenjini kufushane. Imvamisa, lapho i-motor is short-circuited, i-winging iyashiswa noma ucingo luphukile, i-fuse izovunguza ngokushesha nje lapho umshini wokuvala uqalisiwe. Esinye isizathu saleli phutha ukuthi ukucaciswa kwe-fuse kuncane kakhulu. Ukwandisa ukucaciswa kwayo kungaxazulula inkinga.
3. Umsindo othi "Squiking" Ngesikhathi Sokusebenza
Leli phutha lenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini wokuvala uphawu. Umsindo "we-squeaking" uvame ukuvela ngokuzumayo, ulandelwa ijubane lokuvala elingalingani, elibangela amaphethini ampofu embonweni wokuvala wesikhwama sokupakisha, okuthinta izinga lokubukeka lomkhiqizo. Kwesinye isikhathi ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ayiqageleki.
Lesi simo sibangelwa kakhulu ukulimala kwemishini noma ukuguga okukhulu, kanye nokungagcobi kahle. Isixazululo ukuxuba uhlobo olufanayo lwamafutha enjini namafutha okugcoba bese uwafaka ku-gearbox, bese uqinisa izikulufu ukuze ubuyisele. Ngemva kokuqala umshini, umsindo othi "squeaking" uyanyamalala futhi ukubekwa uphawu kubuyela kokujwayelekile.
Ukwengeza, uma ibhande lebhande elisezingeni eliphezulu likhululekile, ligqoke kakhulu, futhi lingahlanzekile ngokungcola okungaphezulu, futhi alivumelani nesondo lokudonsa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lizokwenza futhi "umsindo" ozwakalayo. Isixazululo ukufaka esikhundleni ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu ngokucaciswa okufanayo. Kukhona ikhono elithile lokushintsha ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu. Okokuqala, cindezela isondo lokucindezela liphuma ngesandla, bese ubeka ingxenye eyodwa yebhande lezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esondweni lenjoloba, bese ubamba elinye isondo ngokumelene nelinye isondo lenjoloba ngesandla. Setha isilawuli sesivinini sibe isivinini esiphansi. Uma sekuqaliwe, kuncike ku-inertia yokunyakaza, ibhande lezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lizofakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi umsindo othi "squeaking" nawo ukhishwa yi-DC shunt motor. Kungase kube ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamafutha kuma-motor bearings. Uma kunjalo, injini kufanele ihlakazwe futhi igcotshwe ngamafutha, futhi umsindo uzonyamalala.
4. Ukulahlekelwa Ukulawulwa Kwezinga lokushisa Lokuvala
Leli phutha libonakala ngokungasebenzi kahle kwegeji yokushisa, ukungakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa elingazinzile lokuvala ukushisa, futhi indawo yokuvala ishise noma ivalwe kahle, igogeke futhi ivalwe ngendlela engathandeki. Isizathu esiyinhloko saleli phutha ukuthi i-thermometer iphukile futhi kufanele ilungiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thermocouple ingase yephuke futhi ayikwazi ukudlulisa izinga lokushisa elizwayo ku-thermometer. Ukuyishintsha ngohlobo olufanayo kanye nokucaciswa kwe-thermocouple kungaxazulula inkinga.
Kusukela kusici somshini, isizathu siwukuthi ingcindezi yokuvala ukushisa ayilingani. Uma nje i-spring spring ye-heat-sealing blade ilungiswa ukuze ingcindezi ihambisane, inkinga ingaxazululwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yokuxhumana ye-heat-sealing blade kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile futhi ingenakho ukungcola.
Esinye isizathu ukuthi ikhwalithi yokuvala ukushisa kwempahla eyinhlanganisela ngokwayo ayilungile, futhi i-coefficient yokuvala ukushisa iyashintsha, okwenza izinga lokushisa lingakwazi ukumelana nokungahambisani.
5. Ukusebenza Ngezikhawu Komshini Wokuvala
Sihlangabezane nephutha lokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nesivinini esingahambisani somshini wokuvala uphawu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngemuva kokuqaqa iphaneli engemuva emshinini wokuvala, kutholakale ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-motor shaft no-gearbox sekuxege futhi kuxhumekile. Ukuqinisa izikulufu futhi ukuze zilingane kahle kuxazulule inkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini eyinhloko isebenza ngokuthintana namabhulashi e-carbon. Uma amabhulashi ekhabhoni eguge kakhulu, ungaxhumani ngokugcwele nezindandatho zokushelela, noma ube nokungqubuzana okungekuhle, umshini wokuvala nawo uzosebenza ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukushintsha amabhulashi ekhabhoni ngohlobo olufanayo lwamasha kuzoxazulula inkinga.
6. Amabhamuza kanye Nezimpawu Ezingavamile Ephuzwini Lokuvala
Leli phutha futhi livamile impela. Nakuba ingabangeli ukuvuza kwephakheji, ithinta ubuhle bephakheji futhi ilimaza isithombe somkhiqizo.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zaleli phutha yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemishini, uthuli kanye ne-plastic shavings nokunye ukungcola kunamathela ebhande lokushisa eliphezulu, okubangela ukuthi ibhande lingalingani futhi lingavamile. Lokhu kubangela ukushisa okungalingani endaweni yokuvala. Ngemva kokucindezela isondo lokucindezela okupholisa, amabhamuza ayavela. Ukuhlanza noma ukushintsha ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu kungaqeda iphutha. Ibhande lezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ngokuvamile liba ngu-1.5 cm ububanzi futhi licishe libe ngu-22μm ubukhulu. Uma kungenakwenzeka ngempela ukuhlanza ukungcola, kufanele kuchithwe.
- Kukhona amamaki enjoloba ahlelwe ngendlela engafanele ne-convex esondweni lenjoloba yokupholisa, abonakala ngokuqondile ephaketheni, okuholela kumamaki amaningi asobala endaweni yokuvala. Ukuqinisekisa ukubukeka kobuhle besikhwama sokupakisha, kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni sesondo lenjoloba yokupholisa.
7. Izindaba Okumele Zibhekelwe Ekulungisweni Kwezisetshenziswa
- Umshini wokuvala uphawu kufanele ubekwe endaweni engenawo umoya neyomile, izinga lokushisa lekamelo ligcinwe licishe libe ngu-25℃.
- Njalo ngemva kwamahora angu-48 okusebenza komshini wokuvala, uwoyela wenjini engu-6# kufanele wengezwe engxenyeni ngayinye ehambayo, ikakhulukazi emagiyeni, kumabheringi, naku-gearbox.
- Ukususwa kothuli njalo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kugcinwe umshini wonke uhlanzekile. Uma ingasetshenziswa, kungcono ukunqamula ugesi bese umboza ngekhava.
- Uma isikhathi sokusebenza siside kakhulu, isiphephetha-moya sokupholisa kufanele sivulwe ngaphambi kokuvala umshini. Linda kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphambi kokuvala umshini. Ngoba uma uvala umshini ngaphandle kokupholisa, ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu lilula kakhulu ukulinyazwa.
- Ibhande elinokushisa okuphezulu kufanele lihlanzwe njalo ekungcoleni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokuvala.
- Izingxenye ezigugile kakhulu kufanele zishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yawo wonke umshini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-26-2025